The American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) supports and encourages the study of the peoples and cultures of the Near East, from the earliest times to the present. Founded in 1900, ASOR is a not-for-profit 501(c)3 organization. It is apolitical and has no religious affiliation.

ASOR communicates news of the latest research findings in its publications and through lectures at its Annual Meeting, while its overseas institutes host scholars working in the Middle East. ASOR's book series and journals are aimed at a lay audience and specialist archaeologists, historians, and Biblical scholars. ASOR's Annual Meeting brings together scholars from around the world to present their latest findings and discuss their research. ASOR's independent overseas institutes in Cyprus, Israel, and Jordan facilitate research in the field by students and scholars.

ASOR publishes three journals (BASOR, JCS, and NEA) and three book series (the ASOR Annual [AASOR], the Archaeological Report Series [ASOR-ARS], and JCS Supplement Series). Near Eastern Archaeology (NEA) is designed for a archaeology enthusiasts and undergraduates. The Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) is ASOR's flagship scholarly journal for academic studies relating to the eastern Mediterranean. The Journal of Cuneiform Studies is subvented by the ASOR Nies Trust and focuses on the archaeology and cuneiform studies of Mesopotamia.