The National Insurance Institute of Israel (NII) is the national institution of social insurance, operating under the National Insurance Law passed by the Parliament in November 1953.

The NII is the administrative body responsible for implementing the NI Law and other State social laws. The main role of the NII is to ensure a means of subsistence to residents who cannot earn a living on their own. The NII contributes substantially to the reduction of economic gaps and guarantees social and economic protection to residents at times of distress.  The NII collects insurance contributions from the public and pays benefits to those entitled.  Some benefit payments are short-term, aiming to replace the wages of those who find themselves temporarily out of the labor cycle, but most are long-term, aiming to guarantee subsistence to persons forced to leave the labor cycle permanently, to survivors and to families raising children.