Several hundred isolated valves of two polyplacophoran species were examined from the Salem Limestone "dwarfed" fauna (Mississippian, Meramecian) of central Indiana. Most valves are of Pterochiton parvus (Stevens); this little-known species is redescribed, illustrated for the first time, and neotype specimens are designated. One new species, Pterochiton elevatus, is also present in small numbers; it appears to be closely related to P. parvus. The ratios of head, intermediate and tail valves in this assemblage suggest that tail valves of fossil chitons are preferentially preserved. The Salem chitons probably lived in warm, shallow water, upon seaweed or hard substrates that are not now distinguishable in the Salem Limestone.
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