Hawai'i's eco-industrial heritage is a landscape permanently altered by sugar cane production. Beginning in 1850 American and European-based capitalists drew heavily from global technological advances of the nineteenth century, rapidly exploited the land and water policies of the native Hawaiian government, and set in motion environmental change that eventually increased industrial control over non-sugar cane ecosystems. This article exams the nature-industry exchange which culminated by 1920 in an industrial sugar ecology that dominated landscapes, politics, and social life in Hawai'i.
Historical Social Research – Historische Sozialforschung (HSR) is a peer-reviewed international journal for the application of formal methods to history. Formal methods can be defined as all methods which are sufficiently intersubjective to be realized as an information science algorithm. Formalization means a variety of procedures that match descriptions of events, structures, and processes with explicit models of those events, structures, and processes. The applications of formal methods to history extend from quantitative and computer-assisted qualitative social research, historical sociology and social scientific history up to cliometrical research and historical information science. In a broader sense the field of Historical Social Research can be described as an inter-/ transdisciplinary paradigm.
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