L'obiettivo è valutare l'effetto sulla fecondità del conflitto in atto in Palestina, confrontando il comportamento riproduttivo dei Palestinesi che vivono nei Territori (Gaza e la Riva Occidentale) con quello dei rifugiati in Giordania, che non sono stati direttamente toccati dalla prima Intifada (1987-1991). I dati utilizzati provengono dalla Indagine Demografica in Palestina (1995) e dalla Indagine sulle Condizioni di Vita in Giordania (1996). L'analisi illustra un significativo incremento della fecondità durante il periodo della prima Intifada, che è stato molto più marcato nella Striscia di Gaza e tra le donne con istruzione secondaria; tale incremento è stato ottenuto grazie, soprattutto, ad una modifica sostanziale dei comportamenti nuziali, piuttosto che ad un aumento forte della fecondità coniugale. Questi risultati contribuiscono a spiegare il ruolo del conflitto sull'andamento della fecondità e sui processi che, in condizioni di normalità, avrebbero portato al suo declino. Using data from the 1995 Palestinian demographic survey and the 1996 Jordan Living Conditions survey we compare the fertility of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories with refugees in Jordan who were not directly affected by the first Intifada on a daily basis. Data show: a significant increase in fertility during the first Intifada, which was most marked in Gaza and amongst highly educated women and that this increase was achieved through behaviour change of nuptiality rather than marital fertility; a significant increase in first marriages during Intifada, and some of the means through which this increase may have been achieved. Our analyses contribute to theoretical understandings of the role of conflict in modifying fertility. Notre but consiste à évaluer les répercussions que le conflit en cours en Palestine ont sur la fécondité, en comparant le comportement reproductif des Palestiniens qui vivent dans les Territoires (Gaza et la Rive Occidentale) avec celui des réfugiés en Jordanie, qui ont été directement touchés par la première Intifada (1987-1991). Les chiffres utilisés ont été fournis par l'Enquête Démographique en Palestine qui date de 1995 et par l'Enquête sur les Conditions de Vie en Jordanie réalisée en 1996. L'analyse souligne une augmentation significative de la fécondité durant la première Intifada, plus marquée dans la Bande de Gaza et parmi les femmes ayant un niveau d'instruction secondaire. Cette augmentation a été obtenue surtout grâce un changement essentiel au niveau des comportements nuptiaux plutôt qu'à partir d'une forte augmentation de la fécondité conjugale. Ces résultats contribuent à donner une explication au rôle du conflit sur l'évolution de la fécondité et sur les processus qui, en temps normal, auraient abouti à son déclin.
GENUS is an online and print peer-reviewed Journal of Population Sciences published by the University of Rome “La Sapienza” with the support of the Department of Statistical Sciences. GENUS has adopted an interdisciplinary approach to population studies. It publishes articles of “pure” demography and articles aiming to further a better knowledge of the interrelationship between demography and biological, social and economic phenomena, connected with the evolution of the population. GENUS has always tried to promote open dialogue across cultural, ideological and at times theoretical walls in the attempt to understand the complexities underlying population issues.
With more than 700 years of history and 145,000 students, La Sapienza is the largest university in Europe, and the second largest in the world after Cairo. The recent reforms have led to the creation of 11 faculties. There are more than 4,500 lecturers and researchers, and around 5,000 technicians and administrative staff. La Sapienza offers more than 370 degree courses, 300 masters, and 117 PhD. Its facilities include 155 libraries, 21 museums, and guidance and information points. Its 143,000 students include more than 30,000 from outside Rome, and more than 7,000 non-Italians, as well as around 1000 Erasmus students a year. Thanks to its 67 departments and more than 30 study centers, La Sapienza achieves levels of excellence in various fields of research, as statistics and demography. It is a state university, independent and free, committed to contributing to the development of the knowledge society through research, first-rate teaching and international cooperation.
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