This article locates Edvard Munch's Self-Portrait with Cigarette (Oslo National Gallery, 1895) within turn-of-the-century cultural debates concerning cigarette smoking. Because the cigarette was consumed primarily by aristocrats and proletarians, it bore associations with life outside of the middle class and especially indicated Bohemian and Decadent personae. By referencing these associations, and the health debates surrounding cigarette smoking in relation to the social body, Munch's cigarette affirmed the artist's self-presentation and supported attacks against him from enemies of the avant-garde.
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