A review of the archaeological literature concerning the island of New Guinea indicates that Highlands sites are the oldest so far discovered. The reasons for the settlement of these Highlands by early Melanesian colonists are discussed. Despite cool-to-cold climatic conditions prevailing in the region during the late Pleistocene, it is postulated that the Highlands were permanently settled by humans prior to 25,000 BP. This may have been made possible by the discovery and exploitation of a rich environment (flora and fauna), particularly along swamp margins of major valley floors. As a result of this, a local form of agriculture may have been established within the Highlands which was independent from events in the Lowlands. This development may have been localized first around swamplands; the agricultural areas became specific centres of production which gave rise to the socio-economic mosaic of Highland groups as observed by European explorers after 1933. /// L'examen de la littérature sur l'archéologie de la Nouvelle-Guinée révèle que parmi les sites découverts jusqu'à présent, les plus anciens se trouvent dans les régions montagneuses. Les raisons pour lesquelles les premiers colons mélanésiens se sont établis dans ces régions sont passées en revue. Il est postulé que malgré le climat frais ou même froid qui y régnait pendant le Pléistocène récent, ces régions se sont peuplées en permanence il y a au moins 25.000 ans. Cet état de fait est probablement dû à la découverte et à exploitation d'un milieu naturel riche (flore et faune), en particulier le long des rives marécageuses dans les vallées les plus importantes. En conséquence, une forme particulière d'agriculture pourrait s'y être développée indépendamment de ce qui se passait dans les plaines. Au départ, les zones agricoles se sont probablement implantées autour des marécages, et sont devenues des centres des centres de production qui ont donné naissance à la mosaïque de systèmes socio-économiques rencontrée par les européens après 1933. /// Eine Studie archäologischer Literatur über die Insel Neu-Guinea zeigt, daß die Siedlungsgebiete im Hochland die ältesten sind, die bisher entdeckt wurden. Die Gründe für die Besiedelung dieser Hochebenen durch frühe melanesische Ansiedler werden diskutiert. Trotz kühler bis kalter klimatischer Bedingungen, die in diesem Gebiet während des späten Pleistozän herrschten, wird angenommen, daß die Hochebenen vor 25.000 Jahren permanent besiedelt waren. Dies könnte durch die Entdeckung und Ausnutzung einer reichhaltigen Umwelt (Flora + Fauna), besonders am Rande von Sumpfgebieten in größeren Talsohlen, ermöglicht worden sein. Daraus mag sich eine ortsspezifische Landwirtschaftsform in den Hochlanden entwickelt haben, die von Ereignissen im Flachland unabhängig war. Diese Entwicklung mag sich zuerst auf Sumpfgebiete beschränkt haben. Landwirtschaftlich genutzte Gebiete wurden zu typischen Produktionszentren, die-so haben es europäische Entdecker nach 1933 beobachtet-zu der sozio-ökonomischen Vielgestaltigkeit der Bevölkerungsgruppen im Hochland führte.
Mountain Research and Development is the leading development-oriented international journal specifically devoted to the world’s mountains. It fosters sustainable development in mountains by supporting peer-reviewed interdisciplinary, disciplinary, and transdisciplinary research on mountains, capitalizing on development experiences, promoting policy dialogue, and strengthening networks within the mountain community. Articles are peer-reviewed and offer internationally and nationally relevant research on key topics for mountains, mountain people, and sustainable development in mountains. MRD is published by the International Mountain Society (IMS). MRD receives funding from a number of donors and sponsors; institutional members of the IMS make a substantial financial contribution through their membership fees. MRD is indexed in the Science Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports®, and other leading indexing services. All contents of MRD as of 2000 are published online and with open access at BioOne: https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/
The International Mountain Society (IMS) is an association registered in Bern, Switzerland, for the purpose of advancing knowledge and disseminating information about mountain research and mountain development throughout the world. Membership in the IMS is open to national and international institutions active in the fields of mountain research and/or mountain development. The IMS aims to promote sustainable mountain development through improved communication among institutions and individuals, with a particular focus on mountain ecoregions in the developing world. To this end, the association publishes a quarterly journal, Mountain Research and Development (MRD), of which it holds the copyright. Together with MRD's donors and sponsors, the IMS ensures open access to all contents of MRD published as of 2000, which are available free of charge at BioOne: https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/.
This item is part of a JSTOR Collection.
For terms and use, please refer to our
Mountain Research and Development
© 1986 International Mountain Society