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From 1981 through 1998, the condition of adult male and female polar bears has declined significantly in western Hudson Bay, as have natality and the proportion of yearling cubs caught during the open water period that were independent at the time of capture. Over this same period, the breakup of the sea ice on western Hudson Bay has been occurring earlier. There was a significant positive relationship between the time of breakup and the condition of adult females (i.e., the earlier the breakup, the poorer the condition of the bears). The trend toward earlier breakup was also correlated with rising spring air temperatures over the study area from 1950 to 1990. We suggest that the proximate cause of the decline in physical and reproductive parameters of polar bears in western Hudson Bay over the last 19 years has been a trend toward earlier breakup, which has caused the bears to come ashore in progressively poorer condition. The ultimate factor responsible for the earlier breakup in western Hudson Bay appears to be a long-term warming trend in April-June atmospheric temperatures. /// De 1981 à la fin de 1998, la condition physique de l'ours polaire adulte, mâle et femelle, s'est détériorée de façon importante dans l'ouest de la baie d'Hudson, tout comme le nombre de naissances et la proportion d'oursons de l'année pris durant la période d'eau libre, et qui étaient indépendants au moment de leur capture. Au cours de la même période, la débâcle de la banquise sur l'ouest de la baie d'Hudson s'est produite plus tôt. Il existait un lien très marqué entre le moment de la débâcle et la condition physique des femelles adultes (c.-à-d. que plus la débâcle se produisait tôt, plus les ourses étaient en mauvaise condition physique). La tendance à une débâcle précoce était également corrélée à l'augmentation de la température ambiante printanière dans la zone d'étude de 1950 à 1990. On suggère que la cause immédiate du déclin des paramètres physiques et reproducteurs de l'ours polaire dans l'ouest de la baie d'Hudson au cours des derniers 19 ans a été une tendance à une débâcle précoce, ce qui amené les ours à venir sur la terre ferme dans un état de plus en plus mauvais. Le facteur responsable de la débâcle précoce dans la baie d'Hudson semble être en fin de compte la tendance au réchauffement à long terme de l'atmosphère en avril et en juin.
The journal Arctic is North America’s premier journal of northern research. Now in its seventh decade of continuous publication, Arctic is a peer-reviewed, primary research journal that publishes the results of scientific research from all areas of scholarship dealing with the Arctic and subarctic regions. Multidisciplinary in scope, Arctic comprises original scholarly papers in the physical, social, and biological sciences, humanities, and engineering. Also included are book reviews, commentaries, letters to the editor, and profiles of significant people, places, or events of northern interest. The journal is published quarterly and is available through membership in the Arctic Institute of North America.
The Arctic Institute of North America is a nonprofit, tax-exempt research and educational organization, founded jointly in Canada and the United States in 1945. It remains binational today, with offices at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, and at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks. The Institute’s core comprises Arctic, North America’s premier journal of northern research; the Kluane Lake Research Station in the southwest Yukon; the Arctic Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS) database of over 70,000 searchable records of publications and research projects about the North; scholarship and grant programs for young researchers; an international slate of research associates; and an extensive library located at the University of Calgary.
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